Sn-Bi-Zn lead free solder alloy was directionally solidified upward at a constant temperature gradient (G=3.99 K/mm) with a wide range of growth rates (8.3-478.6 mu m/s) and at a constant growth rate (V=8.3 mu m/s) with a ...

Al-5.7 wt% Ni eutectic alloy was directionally solidified upward with different temperature gradients (0.83-4.02 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (0.008 mm/s) and with different growth rates (0.008-0.483 mm/s) at a constant ...

Al-Cu-Ag eutectic alloy was directionally solidified upwards with different growth rates (1.83-498.25 mu m/s) at a constant temperature gradient (8.79 K/mm) and with different temperature gradients (3.99-8.79 K/mm) at a ...